History testify Quran's divinity-Ipuwer Papyrus

Ipuwer Papyrus

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The Ipuwer Papyrus is a single papyrus holding an ancient Egyptian poem, called The Admonitions of Ipuwer^[1] or The Dialogue of Ipuwer and the Lord of All.^[2] Its official designation is Papyrus Leiden I 344 recto.^[3] It is housed in the Dutch National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, Netherlands, after being purchased from Giovanni Anastasi, the Swedish consul to Egypt, in 1828. The sole surviving manuscript dates to the later 13th century BCE (no earlier than the 19th dynasty in the New Kingdom).
The Ipuwer Papyrus describes Egypt as afflicted by natural disasters and in a state of chaos, a topsy-turvy world where the poor have become rich, and the rich poor, and warfare, famine and death are everywhere. One symptom of this collapse of order is the lament that servants are leaving their servitude and acting rebelliously.

Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaHistory testify Quran's divinity

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The Nineteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX)^[1] was one of the periods of the Egyptian New Kingdom. Founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne, this dynasty is best known for its military conquests in Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria.
The warrior kings of the early 18th Dynasty had encountered only little resistance from neighbouring kingdoms, allowing them to expand their realm of influence easily. The situation had changed radically towards the end of the 18th Dynasty. The Hittites gradually extended their influence into Syria and Palestine to become a major power in international politics, a power that both Seti I and his son Ramesses II would need to deal with.

The Pharaohs of the 19th Dynasty

The Pharaohs of the 19th dynasty ruled for approximately one hundred and ten years: from ca 1298 to 1187 BCE. The dates and names in the table are taken from Dodson and Hilton. ^[2]. Many of the pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings in Thebes (designated KV). More information can be found on the Theban Mapping Project website. ^[3]

Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt

name of King	Horus (Throne) Name	date	Burial	Queen(s)
Ramesses I	Menpehtire	1298 - 1296 BCE	KV16	Sitre
Seti I	Menmaetre	1296 - 1279 BCE	KV17	(Mut-)Tuya
Ramesses II	Usermaatre Setepenre	1279 - 1212 BCE	KV7	Nefertari Isetnofret Maathorneferure Meritamen Bintanath Nebettawy Henutmire
Merneptah	Banenre	1212 - 1201 BCE	KV8	Isetnofret II
Seti II	Userkheperure	1201 - 1195 BCE	KV15	Twosret Takhat
Amenmesse	Menmire-Setepenre	1200 - 1196 BCE	KV10	??
Siptah	Sekhaenre / Akheperre	1195 - 1189 BCE	KV47
Queen Twosret	Sitre-Merenamun	1189 - 1187 BCE	KV14

Pharaoh and those people close to him were so devoted to their polytheistic system and pagan beliefs that not even message of the Prophet Musa (as), armed with wisdom and spectacular miracles, could soften their hearts and thus turn them away from baseless superstitions. They also openly stated this fact:

They said, "No matter what kind of Sign you bring us to bewitch us, we will not believe in you." (Qur'an, 7:132)

Because of their haughty attitude, Allah sent to them afflictions, described as "Signs, clear and distinct" in one verse, in order to punish them for their haughtiness. (Qur'an, 7:133) The first of these was drought. As a result, there was a fall in production. The relevant verse of the Qur'an states:

We seized Pharaoh's people with years of drought and scarcity of fruits so that hopefully they would pay heed. (Qur'an, 7:130)

The Egyptians' agricultural systems depended on the River Nile and changes in natural conditions did not therefore generally affect them. However, Pharaoh and those around him suffered greatly because of their pride and refusal to recognise Allah's Messenger. Yet instead of "paying heed," they regarded these events as bad luck caused by the Prophet Musa (as) and the Tribe of Israel. Following that, Allah sent a series of tribulations. We are told of these in the Qur'an:

So We sent down on them floods, locusts, lice, frogs and blood, Signs, clear and distinct, but they proved arrogant and were an evildoing people. (Qur'an, 7:133)

In the early 19th century a papyrus dating back to the Middle Kingdom was discovered in Egypt. The papyrus was taken to the Leiden Museum in Holland and translated by A.H. Gardiner in 1909. The entire text appears in the book Admonitions of an Egyptian from a Hieratic Papyrus in Leiden, and describes major changes in Egypt; famine, drought, the slaves’ flight from Egypt with their assets, and death all over the nation. The papyrus was written by an Egyptian called Ipuwer and it appears from its contents that this individual personally witnessed the disasters that struck Egypt. This papyrus is a most significant hand-written description of the catastrophes, the death of Egyptian society and the destruction of Pharaoh.

The details in the papyrus regarding the disasters that struck the people of Egypt are just as described in the Qur'an. In the Qur'an, we are told about these catastrophes. This Islamic account of this period of human history has been confirmed by the discovery in Egypt, in the early 19th century, of the Ipuwer papyruses dating back to the Middle Kingdom. After the discovery of this papyrus, it was sent to the Leiden Dutch Museum in 1909 and translated by A. H. Gardiner, a prominent scholar of ancient Egypt. In the papyrus were described such disasters in Egypt as famine, drought and the fleeing of the slaves from Egypt. Moreover, it appears that the writer of the papyrus, one Ipuwer, had actually witnessed these events. This is how the Ipuwer papyrus refers to these catastrophes described in the Qur'an:

Plague is throughout the land. Blood is everywhere.205
The river is blood.206
Forsooth, that has perished which yesterday was seen. The land is left over to its weariness like the cutting of flax.207
Lower Egypt weeps... The entire palace is without its revenues. To it belong (by right) wheat and barley, geese and fish.208
Forsooth, grain has perished on every side.209
The land-to its whole extent confusion and terrible noise. For nine days there was no exit from the palace and no one could see the face of his fellow. Towns were destroyed by mighty tides. Upper Egypt suffered devastation. blood everywhere. pestilence throughout the country. No one really sails north to Byblos today. What shall we do for cedar for our mummies?. Gold is lacking.210
Men shrink from tasting-human beings, and thirst after water.211
That is our water! That is our happiness! What shall we do in respect thereof? All is ruin!212
The towns are destroyed. Upper Egypt has become dry.213
The residence is overturned in a minute.214

The chain of disasters which struck the people of Egypt, according to this document, conforms perfectly with the Qur'anic account of these matters.215 This papyrus, which closely parallels the catastrophes which struck Egypt in the time of Pharaoh, once again demonstrates the Qur'an to be Divine in origin.

 

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Encyclopædia Britannica : Ramses II

;misc=1041368349544"></script> Ramses II, byname Ramses the Great   (flourished 13th century bce), third king of the 19th dynasty (1292–1190 bce) of ancient Egypt, whose reign (1279–13 bce) was the second longest in Egyptian history. In addition to his wars with the Hittites and Libyans, he is known for his extensive building programs and for the many colossal statues of him found all over Egypt. ... (64 of 2303 words)

Moses

from the

Encyclopædia Britannica

; Moses, Hebrew Moshe   (flourished 14th–13th century bc), Hebrew prophet, teacher, and leader who, in the 13th century bce (before the Common Era, or bc), delivered his people from Egyptian slavery. In the Covenant ceremony at Mt. Sinai, where the Ten Commandments were promulgated, he founded the religious community known as Israel. As the interpreter of these Covenant stipulations, he was the organizer of the community’s religious and civil traditions. In the Judaic tradition, he is revered as the greatest prophet and teacher, and Judaism has sometimes loosely been called Mosaism, or the Mosaic faith, in Western Christendom.